Dogs can get cancer just as humans can. In fact, cancer affects one out of three dogs. Canine cancer risk increases with age and accounts for almost half of the deaths in dogs over ten years of age.
What is Cancer?
Cancer is a group of abnormal cells that invade and destroy surrounding tissue. Some types of malignancy grow more quickly than others. Cancer can also spread through the circulatory or lymph system to other areas in a process called metastasis.
Common Cancers in Dogs
Lymphoma is a malignant cancer that involves the lymphoid system, an important part of the body’s immune system. The most common form is the multicentric form that can cause enlarged lymph nodes, lethargy, and a weak appetite.
Mammary gland tumors occur in the breast tissue and are more common in unspayed, older female dogs. They are the most common type of tumor found in unspayed dogs.
Abdominal tumors are fairly common. Vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal enlargement can be signs of this type of cancer.
Testicular tumors are the second most common tumor in male dogs who are not neutered. Of course neutering completely eliminates this risk.
Skin tumors are common and should always be examined by a veterinarian.
Bone cancer, or osteosarcoma, develops deep within the bone and grows outward, causing pain and limping.
Cancer signs will vary depending on the type and where it is located. Being alert and responding to these warning signs can save the dog’s life. No dog owner wants to get the news that his beloved pet has cancer but the sooner a diagnosis is made, the sooner treatment can begin. If treated in early stages, many cancers can be cured with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these.
Warning Signs of Cancer in Dogs
- A lump, especially one that grows
- A lump that feels attached to the tissue beneath the skin
- A firm mass, especially one that grows or changes
- A pigmented mass
- A sore that does not heal
- Lack of appetite
- Difficulty eating or swallowing
- Loss of weight
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Coughing
- Difficulty breathing
- Blood in urine
- Difficulty urinating
- Blood in stool
- Constipation
- Limping
- Offensive odor
Of course these signs should not cause panic. They do not necessarily mean cancer. They can be symptoms of other illnesses but the sooner a diagnosis is made, the more effective treatment will be. Dog owners should be alert to these signs and consult a veterinarian about any abnormalities in their pet. Every dog should have a yearly medical checkup. Older dogs should be examined twice a year.
To learn more about taking care of older dogs read Caring for Older Dogs.
Sources:
National Canine Cancer Foundation
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