Ear infections are quite common in dogs. Although any dog can get an ear infection, breeds such as Cocker Spaniels with heavy pendulous ears and Yorkshire Terriers with lots of hair inside the ears are most susceptible.
Causes
Ear infections are most commonly caused by bacteria, yeast, or mites. Anything that impairs drainage and promotes moisture in the ear such as waxy buildup, dirt, hair mats, growths, or ticks can bring on infection. Sometimes pollen, dust, mold, fleas, and even certain foods can cause irritation within the ear.
Symptoms
Dogs with an ear infection may scratch at the ear, shake their heads excessively or hold their heads tilted, or scoot the side of the heads with the infected ear along the ground or carpet. They may shy away from being petted around the ears. Upon examination, dog owners may find the ear to be red and irritated or filled with dark or yellowish discharge. Often a smelly odor is detected.
Treatment
Home treatment is not recommended for several reasons. The type of infection needs to be identified. If the infection is bacterial, the type of bacteria needs to be identified so that the appropriate antibiotic is used. If the infection is caused by mites, these mites are often resistant to over the counter drugs. And whether or not the ear drum is intact determines what kind of cleansers and medications should be used. Additionally, there may be underlying causes that need to be addressed.
Early treatment by a veterinarian is best. When an infection is allowed to linger, it may be harder to cure and has the potential for permanent damage. Depending on the type of infection, the veterinarian may prescribe ear washes and/or ear drops and antibiotics to be administered daily or twice daily. He may prescribe ointment with steroids or topical spot treatments or antihistamines. In extreme cases, when the ear canal is swollen shut, surgery may be the only option. The vet may also look for any underlying causes such as diabetes, allergies, tumor, or thyroid problems, and address those as well.
Prognosis
Most ear infections in dogs respond well to treatment but in some cases, they can be chronic and recurring. The longer an infection has been established, generally the harder it is to cure. Untreated infections can cause extreme pain and hearing loss.
Prevention
Regular cleanings with a good ear cleansing solution go a long way toward preventing ear infections. Dogs with hair growing inside the ears will benefit from keeping it clipped.
Dr. Dumars says on healthypet.com, “Pet owners with animals that have chronic ear problems must realize that life-long preventative care and maintenance will be necessary to ensure their pet's good health.”
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