The Safe Use of NSAID Therapy For Dogs
Minimizing Side Effects While Effectively Managing Arthritis Pain
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be an important tool in the treatment of pain associated with arthritis in dogs. They are also routinely used peri-operatively to minimize surgical inflammation and discomfort. As with most medications, however, there are potential side effects that owners need to be aware of if they give their dog NSAIDs.
Side Effects of NSAIDs
One reaction which can happen with any medication is facial swelling and hives, which indicates an allergic reaction to the medication. A veterinarian should be consulted immediately if this happens.
The most common side effects of NSAID therapy are digestive problems. Diarrhea or soft stools, possibly with blood present, may occur as a result of the drug irritating the stomach or intestinal tract. Some dogs may vomit when given NSAIDs. Others will lose their appetite.
Liver problems have occurred in some cases, with Labrador Retrievers appearing to have a particular tendency to react this way. Minor changes include elevated liver function tests. Severe cases may result in acute hepatic toxicity. Anemia may also occur in dogs taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.
Behaviorial and neurological changes resulting from NSAID therapy can range from lethargy or hyperactivity to disorientation or ataxia.
Before Starting a Dog on NSAID Therapy
The above list may seem overwhelming but actual numbers of animals with reported problems are not particularly high. However dog owners should not put their pet on a course of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatroy therapy until the animal has had a complete physical examination by their veterinarian. This exam should include a baseline blood panel to ensure there are no pre-existing problems.
Preventing the Occurrence of Side Effects to NSAIDs
Once a dog has been put on NSAID therapy it becomes doubly important for owners to monitor the animal’s overall condition. Owners may fall into the habit of giving the NSAID drugs without thinking about other health issues that may be a problem for older animals.
The following situations may indicate a problem with the NSAID therapy or a separate issue that can be aggravated by the use of NSAIDs:
Lack of appetite- When a dog stops eating, NSAID therapy should be stopped. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may be causing the digestive upset or it may be something completely unrelated. But giving NSAIDs can aggravate gastrointestinal problems.
Dehydration- Dog owners are often aware of their pet’s water intake. Any decrease in water consumption should be noted. In addition, dull eyes and dry mouth are good indicators that the animal is dehydrated. NSAIDs should not be given to a dehydrated animal as dehydration can trigger a drug reaction.
Behavioral Changes-When starting a dog on any new medication, owners should monitor the animal closely for a few days. Any changes should be discussed with the pet’s veterinarian.
Regular blood monitoring-Because NSAIDs are processed by the liver, a twice-yearly blood panel will show whether the medication is affecting the liver before the animal shows signs of illness. Anemia can also be detected this way.
NSAID therapy can contribute to the well being of the arthritic dog if used appropriately. Awareness of potential side effects and prompt attention to any changes in the dog will aid in preventing serious problems from occurring.
For dogs who are unable to tolerate NSAID therapy, alternative medicine offers potential help.
